Quote:The inclusion of a stirrup on the front of a crossbow to aid in spanning (drawing) the bow did not become a standard, ubiquitous feature until later in the Middle Ages, but its early, rare appearance in the 11th century is supported by emerging evidence.
Early Archaeological Evidence: While common, widespread use of the stirrup occurs around the turn of the 12th and 13th centuries, the earliest known European crossbow remains, which include stirrups, have been dated to the 11th century, notably from findings at Lake Paladru.
Wikipedia
Wikipedia
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The "Rare" 11th-Century Usage: While crossbows were present (e.g., at the Battle of Hastings in 1066), the stirrup was not universal. Early crossbowmen frequently held the bow down using their feet directly on the prod itself, a less efficient method that could damage the bow.
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Function of Early Stirrups: The 11th-century stirrup allowed the user to put their foot through a metal ring on the front, enabling them to use their strong back and leg muscles to draw the string, often while using a belt hook.
Britannica
Britannica
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Transition Period: The 11th century marked a transition in European weaponry. The crossbow was reintroduced/gained popularity after centuries of absence (10th century), but it was still developing the specialized, specialized metal stirrups and complex drawing devices that became standard in the 13th and 14th centuries.
Wikipedia
Wikipedia
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