If the first letter of palsen/valsen and pbren/ubren is a p with the stem wiped out (it is not written like a normal "v" or like the other "v" shape on the folio) then it is also potentially an abbreviation for "per" or "pro", since the line to make it an abbreviation is through the descender.
I have searched thousands and thousands of manuscripts looking for a "v" shape that looks like "valsen" in scripts that bear at least some resemblance to the marginalia (score 50 or higher out of 120) and I simply can't find it. Nobody drew "v" with a short beginning serif with an almost vertical beginning stem and a long bottom, but the shape DOES look like a normal and common medieval open-top "p".
Here are some examples of "v" (from words where it can be verified that this is "v"). The "v" shape was used interchangeably with what we now call the "u" shape, and was often drawn like a backleaning "b", but I can't find it drawn like the first letter in valsen/palsen/valden/palden, at least not so far:
![[Image: SamplesUV.png]](https://voynichportal.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/SamplesUV.png)
The "v" in "vix" is a little out of character with the other shapes in the script, but it's not unusual. I have found some that match:
![[Image: V-Pcompare.png]](https://voynichportal.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/V-Pcompare.png)
So, either the "v" is very weirdly drawn and very nonstandard, or it is a "p" with the stem wiped out (note there is quite a bit of expunging under the last line, especially under EVA-y, and about half of the EVA-y tail is partly faded or erased as well), or it is something else.
I have searched thousands and thousands of manuscripts looking for a "v" shape that looks like "valsen" in scripts that bear at least some resemblance to the marginalia (score 50 or higher out of 120) and I simply can't find it. Nobody drew "v" with a short beginning serif with an almost vertical beginning stem and a long bottom, but the shape DOES look like a normal and common medieval open-top "p".
Here are some examples of "v" (from words where it can be verified that this is "v"). The "v" shape was used interchangeably with what we now call the "u" shape, and was often drawn like a backleaning "b", but I can't find it drawn like the first letter in valsen/palsen/valden/palden, at least not so far:
![[Image: SamplesUV.png]](https://voynichportal.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/SamplesUV.png)
The "v" in "vix" is a little out of character with the other shapes in the script, but it's not unusual. I have found some that match:
![[Image: V-Pcompare.png]](https://voynichportal.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/V-Pcompare.png)
So, either the "v" is very weirdly drawn and very nonstandard, or it is a "p" with the stem wiped out (note there is quite a bit of expunging under the last line, especially under EVA-y, and about half of the EVA-y tail is partly faded or erased as well), or it is something else.

