The "fountain of life" (fons vitae) is mentioned in the bible. E.g.
Psalm 36
quoniam apud te est fons vitae, et in lumine tuo videbimus lumen.
For with you is the fountain of life; in your light we see light
Proverbs 13
lex sapientis fons vitae ut declinet a ruina mortis
The teaching of the wise is a fountain of life, turning a man from the snares of death.
Ecclesiastes 21
Scientia sapientis tamquam inundatio abundabit, et consilium illius sicut fons vitae permanet.
The knowledge of a wise man shall abound like a flood: and his counsel is like a pure fountain of life.
It is possible that this allegory is related with the fountain of youth discussed by JKP. I seems quite clear that it is related with the fountain of life found in alchemical works where, as in the old testament, water could stand for some kind of arcane wisdom. You are not allowed to view links.
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Login to view. also is the title of the XII Century Latin translation of a work by the Andalusian philosopher Solomon ibn Gabirol.
I cannot find early references to a "river of life" (flumen vitae). It seems to me that the meaning of this allegory is different: an allusion to the shortness and incessant mutability of life (rather than to the healthy power of wisdom).
Petrarch (De Otio Religioso) appears to be discussing a similar concept, but without using the words "river of life". He wrote:
evidentior est hominis mutatio et fuga quam fluminis
human changing and flowing are even more evident than those of a river
This is his reply to a passage by Seneca, ultimately going back to that famous quote by Heraclitus:
Seneca Wrote:None of us is the same man in old age that he was in youth; nor the same on the morrow as on the day preceding. Our bodies are hurried along like flowing waters; every visible object accompanies time in its flight; of the things which we see, nothing is fixed. Even I myself, as I comment on this change, am changed myself. This is just what Heraclitus says: “We go down twice into the same river, and yet into a different river.” For the stream still keeps the same name, but the water has already flowed past. Of course this is much more evident in rivers than in human beings.