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Vitus Auslasser's herbal (1479)
- Vitus Auslasser's herbal (1479)
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RE: Vitus Auslasser's herbal (1479)
Anton > 08-01-2017, 05:58 PM
Can anybody please help with transcription of Auslasser 36?
To the left I can discern:
Crux Christi
Umb<i>licus Veneris
What's to the right:
Amperkrawt
?
Kraut = plant in German, but what is Amper (except for the electric current applications)? -
RE: Vitus Auslasser's herbal (1479)
Anton > 08-01-2017, 06:05 PM
OK, found it, it's most probably "ampfer": You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
Hence, either sorrel or Solomon's seal.
The plant looks really like Paris, so it's enigmatic why the author thought it to be sorrel or Solomon's seal. "Crux Christi" attributes to Paris, if I'm not mistaken, so it's some mess going on here... -
RE: Vitus Auslasser's herbal (1479)
-JKP- > 08-01-2017, 07:51 PM
(08-01-2017, 06:05 PM)Anton Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.OK, found it, it's most probably "ampfer": You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.
Hence, either sorrel or Solomon's seal.
The plant looks really like Paris, so it's enigmatic why the author thought it to be sorrel or Solomon's seal. "Crux Christi" attributes to Paris, if I'm not mistaken, so it's some mess going on here...
Your observation is correct. It is Paris quadrifolia, regardless of what the label says. Look at the triple vein in the leaves—that's one of the indicators of Paris. There's no possibility this plant is sorrel or Solomon's seal.
Hang on, let me see if I can find a picture of Paris that shows what I mean about the leaf veins... (back in a couple of minutes)
Okay, here's an example. Note the You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.. That is not a common pattern (except in some of the orchids and this is not an orchid) and is clearly indicated in the Auslasser pic.
Do you need any of the others? The one immediately preceding is Agrimonia eupatorium, the one earlier that's not labeled is white larkspur. -
RE: Vitus Auslasser's herbal (1479)
Anton > 08-01-2017, 09:34 PM
That this is Paris is kindly noted in pencil by some later reader. And actually Marco's list in the title post also agrees with that. What I'm interested in is the transcription of the text in the folio. That one of the labels says "amperkraut" is curious, because "ampfer" was the name for sorrel (as woerterbuchnetz says) and also for Solomon's seal (as medieval-plants says). -
RE: Vitus Auslasser's herbal (1479)
Oocephalus > 08-01-2017, 10:13 PM
This should probably be read as Ainperkrawt rather that Amperkrawt, corresponding to the modern German name of Paris quadrifolia, Einbeere (which literally means one-berry). -
RE: Vitus Auslasser's herbal (1479)
Anton > 08-01-2017, 10:22 PM
No it's definitely not an "i" there (compare with the labels to the left). -
RE: Vitus Auslasser's herbal (1479)
Oocephalus > 08-01-2017, 11:06 PM
(08-01-2017, 10:22 PM)Anton Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.No it's definitely not an "i" there (compare with the labels to the left).
I see what you mean. The word was probably incorrectly copied from another source, then.
You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. lists Ainpern as a Middle High German name for the plant. -
RE: Vitus Auslasser's herbal (1479)
-JKP- > 08-01-2017, 11:33 PM
(08-01-2017, 09:34 PM)Anton Wrote: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view.That this is Paris is kindly noted in pencil by some later reader. And actually Marco's list in the title post also agrees with that. What I'm interested in is the transcription of the text in the folio. That one of the labels says "amperkraut" is curious, because "ampfer" was the name for sorrel (as woerterbuchnetz says) and also for Solomon's seal (as medieval-plants says).
The labels in ink are in later Gothic cursive (not early Gothic cursive which appeared in the 14th century) which dates them from about 1440 to about 1520. Since the manuscript is dated the latter half of the 15th century, they must have been added at approximately the same time as the drawings or soon after. They are in Middle High German (it's interesting to see kraut spelled as chrawt). The drawings also look like they were done in the latter 1400s, as they are naturalistic and quite accurate.
The pencil labels are much later, at least two or three centuries later and I notice some of the pencil labels are right and a few are wrong.
Most of the old labels are correct, but there's no way the Paris drawing has any morphological or taxonomic connection to sorrel or Solomon's seal, so I looked at the labels and I interpret them a little differently. I don't think it's amferkraut, I think it's more likely amberkraut since "p" and "b" were often interchangeable in this area (they spelled "blume" with a "p").
On that page I see Creux xpū, Umblicus veneris, and Amper chrawt and interpret them as follows:
Creux xpū --> Creux crispum (I don't know what plant this is, but "crispum" is a very common second name for plants and I suppose it might be a local name for Paris since the leaves form a sort of cross)
Umblicus veneris --> Cotyledon umbilicus-veneris (wall pennywort), not related to Paris in any way.
Amper chrawt --> Amberkraut or Katzengamander (Teucrium marum) - "cat thyme" (related to germander), also not related to Paris.
I had a thought, Anton...
The second two names obviously don't describe the plant pictured (Paris) unless Oocephalus is right and it's meant to be Ainpern (it doesn't look like Ainpern, but it's possible it's a dialect variation) and most of the other pages include variant names for plants, which makes this page unusual but... these are medicinal plants so one idea I had was that maybe these other plants are combined with Paris as a medicinal remedy. I don't know what other reasons there might be for including them on the page with Paris. They are clearly not alternate names.
On a side note:
I noticed some quirky names on some of the other pages, like "leben zandt" for Löwenzahn (Dent de lion or "dandelion" as we know it in English). "Leben" might look like the German word for "life" but it's actually Middle High German for large feline. "Zandt" is a transitional combination of Old High German "zand" and Middle High German "zant" (tooth). -
RE: Vitus Auslasser's herbal (1479)
Anton > 08-01-2017, 11:50 PM
Quote:The word was probably incorrectly copied from another source, then.
Good idea.
Quote:You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login to view. lists Ainpern as a Middle High German name for the plant.
Thx for the link. Great book!!
Quote:Creux xpū --> Creux crispum (I don't know what plant this is, but "crispum" is a very common second name for plants and I suppose it might be a local name for Paris since the leaves form a sort of cross)
"xp" or "xpi" is a shortcut for "Christus" or "Christi" (see Cappelli), so this is "Crux Christi" beyond doubt.
Quote:Umblicus veneris --> Cotyledon umbilicus-veneris (wall pennywort), not related to Paris in any way.
The book that Oocephalus referred to above says that Umbilicus veneris is Paris. Dunno if they don't borrow this from Auslasser's herbal though. But it also lists Venussiegel as the German name for Paris. Sounds good, does not it?